The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice late to take a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.